![]() The Book of Henryków ( Polish: Księga henrykowska, Latin: Liber fundationis claustri Sancte Marie Virginis in Heinrichau), contains the earliest known sentence written in the Polish language: Day, ut ia pobrusa, a ti poziwai (pronounced originally as: Daj, uć ja pobrusza, a ti pocziwaj, modern Polish: Daj, niech ja pomielę, a ty odpoczywaj or Pozwól, że ja będę mielił, a ty odpocznij, English: Let me grind, while you take a rest), written around 1270. Old Polish includes texts that were written as late as the Renaissance.Įarliest written sentence "Day, ut ia pobrusa, a ti poziwai", highlighted in red That said, the relatively slight differences between Old and Modern Polish are unremarkable considering that the chronological stages of other European languages that Old Polish is contemporary with are generally not very different from the Modern stages and many of them already labelled "Early Modern". In relation to most other European languages, though, the differences between Old and Modern Polish are comparatively slight, and the Polish language is somewhat conservative relative to other Slavic languages. In the 15th century the dual fell into disuse except for a few fixed expressions (adages and sayings). Also, in later centuries, with the onset of cities founded on German law (namely, the so-called Magdeburg law), Middle High German urban and legal words filtered into Old Polish.Īround the 14th or the 15th centuries, the aorist and the imperfect became obsolete. wiesiołek) morphed into modern Polish wesoły, with the original vowels and the consonants of Czech veselý). Many of them were borrowed via Czech, which, too, influenced Polish in that era (hence e.g. The Polish language started to change after the baptism of Poland, which caused an influx of Latin words, such as kościół "church" (Latin castellum, "castle"), anioł "angel" (Latin angelus). It was the main vernacular of medieval Polish states under the Piasts and early Jagiellons, although it was not the state language (that being Latin). The Old Polish language was spoken mainly on the territory of modern Poland. The sources for the study of the Old Polish language are the data of the comparative-historical grammar of Slavic languages, the material of Polish dialects, several Latin manuscripts with Polish glosses, as well as – most importantly – monuments written in Old Polish: the Holy Cross Sermons ( Polish: Kazania świętokrzyskie), the Florian Psalter ( Psałterz floriański), Bogurodzica ( Bogurodzica), the Sharoshpatak Bible ( Biblia szaroszpatacka or Biblia królowej Zofii) and some others. It was followed by the Middle Polish language. The Old Polish language ( Polish: język staropolski, staropolszczyzna) was a period in the history of the Polish language between the 10th and the 16th centuries. For the distinction between, / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).
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